Pipe Velocity Calculator
Calculate fluid velocity in pipes, determine flow rates, and size pipes correctly for plumbing, HVAC, or irrigation systems. Get precise fluid dynamics calculations.
Step 1: Pipe Dimensions
Pipe Measurements
Accurate pipe dimensions and flow rates are crucial for calculating fluid velocity and pressure drop. Internal diameter is most important for velocity calculations.
Step 2: Fluid Properties
Fluid Properties
Fluid viscosity and density affect flow velocity and pressure drop. Water at 60°F has a viscosity of approximately 1.12 cP and density of 62.4 lb/ft³.
Pipe Velocity Calculation Results
Fluid Velocity in Pipe
Flow Analysis & Reynolds Number
Understanding Flow Types
Laminar Flow (Re < 2,000): Smooth, orderly fluid motion with parallel layers. Transitional Flow (2,000 < Re < 4,000): Mix of laminar and turbulent characteristics. Turbulent Flow (Re > 4,000): Chaotic, irregular fluid motion with eddies and vortices.
Velocity Guidelines for Different Applications
| Application | Recommended Velocity | Maximum Velocity |
|---|---|---|
| Water Supply (Main) | 3-5 ft/s (0.9-1.5 m/s) | 8 ft/s (2.4 m/s) |
| Water Supply (Branch) | 2-4 ft/s (0.6-1.2 m/s) | 6 ft/s (1.8 m/s) |
| Hydronic Heating | 2-4 ft/s (0.6-1.2 m/s) | 5 ft/s (1.5 m/s) |
| Industrial Process | 3-7 ft/s (0.9-2.1 m/s) | 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s) |
Pressure Drop Calculation
Pressure Drop Formula (Darcy-Weisbach)
ΔP = f × (L/D) × (ρ × v²/2)
Where: f = friction factor (dimensionless), L = pipe length (ft), D = pipe diameter (ft), ρ = fluid density (lb/ft³), v = fluid velocity (ft/s). This equation calculates pressure drop due to friction in a pipe.
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